History

The collected writings of T. Justin Martyr – first century philosopher and early Christian Apologist (part 1 of 2)

Introduction to Justin Martyr Justin Martyr, also known as Saint Justin, was an early Christian apologist.  Originally a professional philosopher, Justin converted to Christianity about 130 AD after witnessing Christians die for their faith.  He learned about Christianity from “an old Christian man” who told him of a “true philosophy” to live life by.  After Old

The collected writings of T. Justin Martyr – first century philosopher and early Christian Apologist (part 2 of 2)

Introduction to Justin Martyr Justin Martyr, also known as Saint Justin, was an early Christian apologist.  Originally a professional philosopher, Justin converted to Christianity about 130 AD after witnessing Christians die for their faith.  He learned about Christianity from “an old Christian man” who told him of a “true philosophy” to live life by.  After Old

The Apocalypse of Thomas (ancient apocryphal texts)

Introduction The Apocalypse of Thomas is a work from the New Testament apocrypha, apparently composed originally in Greek. It is the inspiration for the popular medieval millennial list Fifteen Signs before Doomsday. The text was written in Greek between the second and the fourth century. There are two recensions of the text, the second one of which containing an interpolation apparently written in the fifth century.

Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles – Mesopotamian Chronicles (ABC)

ABC Translation of Column IV [iv.1] The third year [of Esarhaddon]:[x] [...]-ahhe-šullim, the governor of Nippur, and [iv.2] Šamaš-ibni, the Dakkurean, were transported to Assyria and executed in Assyria.   [iv.3] The fourth year:[x] Sidon was captured and sacked. [iv.4] In that same year: the major-domo conscripted troops in Akkad.   [iv.5] The fifth year:[x] On the second day of the month Tašrîtu

Mesopotamian Chronicles – Assyrian chronicle describes war of King Assur-res-isi against Babylonian king Ninurta-nadin-sumi

The Chronicle of Aššur-reš-iši is a fragment of an Assyrian chronicle; the tablet was found in Aššur. It describes the war of king Aššur-reš-iši (r.1133-1115) against the Babylonian king Ninurta-nadin-šumi (r.1132-1126). Translation [1'] [...] ... against them ... their ... an alliance ... the merchants ... he inflicted a defeat on them.   [2'] ... conquest. Aššur-reš-iši, king of Assyria,

The Epic of Atrahasis – a non-biblical account of the Great Flood (1600 BC)

  The Epic of Atrahasis is the fullest Mesopotamian account of the Great Flood. The text is known from several versions: two written by Assyrian scribes (one in the Assyrian, one in the Babylonian dialect), the third one (on three tablets) was written during the reign of king Ammi-saduqa of Babylonia (c.1647-c.1626 BCE). Atrahasis' Dream Explained [i.b35] Enlil

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